Connecting Your Mac to a TV with HDMI: A Step-by-Step Guide


Intro
Connecting a Mac to a TV using HDMI might seem like a straightforward task, but navigating through the nuances can trip many up. The HDMI connection allows for both audio and video to be transmitted over a single cable, creating a seamless experience whether you're streaming your favorite series, playing games, or giving a presentation. However, understanding the ins and outs of this process is crucial for enjoying your multimedia content without a hitch.
This guide will take you on a journey through the technical specifications of HDMI connections, product comparisons, practical applications, current trends in technology, and savvy buying guides. By the time you finish reading, you'll be equipped not just with the "how-to" knowledge, but also with the insights necessary to optimize your setup.
Let's get into the nitty-gritty of what it takes to connect your Mac to a TV through HDMI.
Understanding HDMI Technology
Understanding HDMI technology is where the journey begins when attempting to connect your Mac to a TV. High-Definition Multimedia Interface, or HDMI, fundamentally changed the way we connect devices that require audio and video output. Gone are the days when multiple cables and ports could clutter your setup. Importantly, HDMI integrates both audio and video into a single cable, simplifying the connection process significantly.
From a practical standpoint, HDMI allows for high-quality transmission of digital signals over short distances without any noticeable loss in quality. This is crucial for viewers seeking a top-notch experience while watching movies, playing games, or making presentations on a larger screen.
Moreover, HDMI has become ubiquitous; it's hard to find a modern TV or computer that doesnât support it. From projectors in business meetings to gaming consoles in living rooms, the application of HDMI spans across various scenarios. Users must also be aware of the different versions of HDMI to ensure compatibility and to take advantage of features that improve performance, such as 4K support and higher refresh rates.
In summary, understanding HDMI technology isnât just a technical necessityâitâs also a gateway to enhancing your overall viewing experience. Knowing the specifics means making informed choices about the hardware you use, ultimately achieving seamless connections for any application.
What is HDMI and Its Evolution
HDMI stands for High-Definition Multimedia Interface. Introduced in 2003, this advanced technology marked a shift from the older analog connections like VGA and Composite Video. With HDMI, it allowed the transfer of high-definition content in a digital format, which was revolutionary at the time.
Since its inception, HDMI has evolved through several versions, each bringing in improvements and new features tailored to meet the demands of modern media consumption. The ability to handle higher resolutions and better audio formats came as a response to consumer needs.
Initially, standard HDMI offered support for 720p and 1080p video formats. As televisions evolved to 4K and beyond, so too did HDMI. More recent versions include 2.1, which supports resolutions up to 10K and advanced features, like Variable Refresh Rate (VRR), beneficial for gamers. The evolution of HDMI mirrors the advances in display technology, reflecting the literary relationship between devices and the mediums we use to view them.
Different HDMI Versions and Their Features
The different HDMI versions each bring unique features to the table, thereby changing the way we think about connectivity:
- HDMI 1.0 (2003): The very first version that supports standard high-definition video.
- HDMI 1.4 (2009): Introduced support for 4K resolution, Ethernet channel, and 3D video formats.
- HDMI 2.0 (2013): Brought significant improvements including support for 4K at 60 frames per second, and up to 32 audio channels.
- HDMI 2.1 (2017): The latest version supporting 8K video and enhanced features like Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM).
Each new release is tailored to the ever-evolving tech landscape, making it critical for users to stay updated on what their devices can support.
Being aware of what's available can save time and frustration. For instance, connecting a device that only supports HDMI 1.4 to an HDMI 2.1 port won't take advantage of newer capabilities, yet it will still function at lower specs. This discerning knowledge provides leverage in maximizing usage across various devices.
In summation, understanding HDMI and its various incarnations serves as the groundwork for a seamless connection experience between your Mac and TV.
Mac Compatibility with HDMI
Connecting your Mac to a TV using HDMI is not just a simple plug-and-play affair; it requires understanding the compatibility between your devices. This compatibility plays a critical role in ensuring that both the Mac and the television can communicate effectively, delivering a smooth audiovisual experience. Itâs essential for anyone looking to utilize large displays, whether for work presentations, movie nights, or gaming sessions. Knowing how your Mac integrates with HDMI technology can save you time and headaches down the road, particularly when it comes to selecting the right equipment and understanding the potential limitations of your setup.
Identifying HDMI Ports on Your Mac
Understanding where the HDMI ports are located on your Mac is the first step in setting up a connection. Different Mac models come equipped with varied port configurations. For instance, older MacBooks tend to only feature a Mini DisplayPort instead of a full-sized HDMI port. Itâs crucial to familiarize yourself with the following:
- MacBook Air and MacBook Pro (Retina models): They have a full-sized HDMI port. Connecting to a TV is straightforward; just plug the HDMI cable directly into the port.
- Older MacBook models: These may only come with a Mini DisplayPort. In this case, you would need a Mini DisplayPort to HDMI adapter to successfully connect to your TV.
- iMac: Most modern iMac computers feature an HDMI port, but itâs wise to check your model specifications.
Knowing where the HDMI ports are on your Mac helps streamline the setup process.
In addition to physical ports, itâs beneficial to verify which version of macOS you are using since newer versions might support additional features for HDMI connectivity. Checking your model through in the Apple menu can help you confirm and prepare for the connection.
HDMI Adapters for Different Mac Models
When it comes to connecting a Mac that doesnât have an HDMI port directly, adapters become essential. Appleâs Mini DisplayPort to HDMI adapter is a popular choice for users with older Mac models. It allows you to connect your Mac to a variety of display inputs seamlessly.
Additionally, here are some considerations when looking for the right adapter:
- Compatibility: Ensure that any adapter you purchase is compatible with your specific Mac model.
- Supporting Features: Some adapters support features like audio and video, while others may only transmit video. Always check product specifications.
- Cable Length: Longer cables or adapters can offer more flexibility in your setup, especially if your TV is placed far from your workstation.
- Power Supply: Certain adapters may require an additional power source to function correctly. This can be particularly relevant for hubs that connect multiple devices.
The journey to connecting your Mac to a TV via HDMI involves these nitty-gritty details about compatibility, but this groundwork paves the way for a more rewarding media experience. Properly understanding the ports and the necessary adapters lays the foundation for a seamless transformation of your workspace or entertainment setup.
Setting Up the Connection


Setting up the connection between your Mac and TV is a pivotal step that lays the foundation for an optimal audiovisual experience. This process is not just about plugging in a cable; it requires an understanding of the hardware, potential compatibility issues, and the user preferences that can enhance the performance of both devices. By efficiently establishing this connection, you enable everything from simple presentations to immersive gaming experiences on a larger screen.
With various types of content available, setting up correctly allows you to view your movies, series, and even work presentations in high resolution and clarity. Understanding the nuances of this setup brings significant benefits, including superior visuals and audio cohesion.
Gathering Necessary Equipment
Before you embark on the journey to connect your Mac to the television, make sure you have the right tools.
- HDMI Cable: This is the essential connection point. Depending on your Mac and TV model, you will want to choose a high-speed HDMI cable that supports the specifications necessary for your content.
- Adapters: Depending on your particular Mac model, such as the MacBook Air or MacBook Pro, you might need an adapter. Thunderbolt to HDMI adapters are commonly required for older models lacking direct HDMI ports.
- TV Remote: Often overlooked, your TV remote is needed to switch inputs. Ensuring it's within reach can save you time, especially when you're eager to dive into your favorite movie.
Being prepared with the right equipment ensures a smoother setup and can save you the hassle of unexpected trips to the store.
Connecting the HDMI Cable
Once you have everything you need, itâs time to connect the HDMI cable. Hereâs a simple guide on how to do this:
- First, ensure both your Mac and the TV are powered off. This minimizes the risk of damage when connecting the devices.
- Depending on your configuration, plug one end of the HDMI cable into your Mac's HDMI port or into the adapter if required. Make sure it's snug but not forced; you don't want it too tight, as this may damage the port.
- Next, connect the other end to the HDMI input port on your television. If you find yourself low on ports, try using a switcher that allows multiple connections without continuously swapping cables.
This step might seem fairly straightforward, but itâs crucial to get it right. A poor connection can lead to intermittent signals or loss of picture quality.
Choosing the Right Input on Your TV
After connecting the HDMI cable, you need to set your TV to the correct input source. This might feel simple, but itâs a task that can trip up even the most seasoned tech users. Follow these steps:
- Grab your TV remote and navigate to the âInputâ or âSourceâ button. If you're not sure where it is, take a moment to browse the layout of the remote.
- A menu should appear showing different input options. Look for the HDMI input you just plugged the cable into. It might be labeled as HDMI1, HDMI2, etc. If youâre unsure, it often helps to check the back of your TV for a corresponding label on the connected port.
- Select the correct HDMI source. You should see the display from your Mac appear on your TV.
Getting the input right is vital for ensuring the connection is recognized. Fiddling around wouldnât be necessary if you keep it all organized from the start!
"Establishing the right connections can vastly improve your viewing experience, transforming a simple movie night into an unforgettable cinema-like atmosphere."
In summary, setting up the connection is the first step towards a captivating viewing experience. Making sure you have the right equipment, securely connecting your devices, and choosing the correct input can eliminate common headaches and drudgery.
Configuring Display Settings
Getting the configuration of your display settings right is crucial when connecting your Mac to a TV via HDMI. This section sheds light on the various elements that need attention to ensure that the visual output matches your specific needs and preferences. A correct setup can vastly enhance your viewing experience, whether for gaming, watching movies, or even for professional presentations. Let's dig into how to effectively manage those display settings to achieve optimal results.
Accessing Display Preferences on Your Mac
To kick things off, you first need to access the Display Preferences on your Mac. This can seem like a mundane task, yet itâs fundamental to getting the display settings just right.
- Click the Apple menu located at the top left corner of your screen.
- Select System Preferences from the dropdown menu.
- Once in System Preferences, click on Displays.
You will now see a window that might show different options based on whether your Mac recognizes the TV as a second screen. In most cases, you will notice a tab showing options for both your main display and your TV connections. If your TV isnât showing up, it may be time to check your connections.
Adjusting Resolution and Refresh Rate
After accessing the display preferences, the next logical step is adjusting the resolution and refresh rate. This is key to tailoring the output so that it best fits your TV and your viewing needs.
Resolution essentially refers to how many pixels are used to create the image. Higher resolutions lead to sharper images. On the other hand, the refresh rate indicates how many times did the screen image refresh every second, measured in Hertz (Hz).
- MacOS usually detects the optimal settings for your specific TV, but hereâs how you can change it:
- Select the Display: First, pick the display that corresponds to your TV.
- Resolution Options: Here, you can toggle between different resolution settings such as 1080p, 4K, or even lower options, depending on what your TV can handle.
- Refresh Rate Adjustment: You may also see options to adjust the refresh rate; generally, 60 Hz works well for most scenarios.
By setting the resolution higher, you can expect clearer visuals. Yet, keep in mind that driving a very high resolution can place a heavier load on your Mac, potentially affecting performance.
Using Extended Desktop and Mirroring Modes
Understanding the difference between extended desktop and mirroring modes is vital for maximizing your productivity and enjoyment when connecting your Mac to a TV.
- Mirroring Mode: In this mode, both your Macâs screen and the TV display the same image. This can be particularly useful for presentations or when sharing content like videos. To activate this:
- Extended Desktop: This option allows you to use your TV as a second monitor, effectively expanding your workspace. This is handy for multitasking, where you can have a document open on your Mac while streaming a video on your TV. To set it up, simply uncheck the mirroring box and arrange the display settings how you like.
- Go back to the Displays window in System Preferences and check the box that reads âMirror Displays.â


In both cases, you can drag windows from one display to the other. This flexibility can significantly enhance your efficiency and leisure activities.
Opting for either mode depends on the scenario. If youâre gaming or watching films, mirroring works wonders; however, for professional tasks, extended desktop settings might be the way to go.
Sound Settings Management
Setting up the audio is just as crucial as connecting the visuals when you pair your Mac with a TV using HDMI. If the picture looks great but the sound is lacking, it can totally undermine the experience. You might be watching a gripping movie or playing an intense game, and without good audio, the whole deal falls flat. This section will break down why managing sound settings matters, some key elements to consider, and the benefits of getting it right.
Configuring Audio Output to the TV
Once your cables are connected and the display is up and running, the next step is to ensure that sound travels from your Mac to your TV. Generally, Macs automatically detect the TV as an audio output device when connected via HDMI. However, it's not always perfect. Hereâs how to manually configure it:
- Access System Preferences: First, click on the Apple logo in the upper-left corner. Head to "System Preferences" and select "Sound."
- Select Output Device: Under the "Output" tab, youâll see a list of available audio devices. Select your TV from this list. If your TV is not showing up, make sure itâs powered on and the HDMI cable is connected firmly.
- Adjust Volume Levels: You may need to tweak the volume levels. Ensure that the output volume from your Mac is turned up, and that your TV is not muted.
Remember: Sometimes you gotta push a button here and there, but once you nail it down, your sound setup will be smooth sailing!
Troubleshooting Audio Issues
Letâs say youâve done all that, but all you're hearing is silence or distorted sound. This can happen due to various reasons, but don't worryâtroubleshooting these issues is straightforward. Here are some common sound problems and how to tackle them:
No Sound Coming from TV
- Check the Connections: Ensure that your HDMI cable is seated tightly in both your Mac and the TV.
- Inspect TV Settings: Sometimes the issue is with the TV settings. Make sure the correct input is selected and the volume isnât muted.
Distorted or Low-Quality Audio
- Audio Format Settings: Check the audio format setting on your Mac. Go to "Audio MIDI Setup" in the Utilities folder and make sure the format is set correctly.
- TV Settings: Some TVs have audio enhancements or surround sound settings that might need adjustment. Turn these off to see if it improves clarity.
Delay in Audio Synchronization
- Adjust Video Settings: A lag can crop up if the video and audio arenât in sync. Look into video settings, and try using a different resolution that your TV handles more smoothly.
- Restart Devices: Restarting your Mac and TV can sometimes help clear out any temporary glitches.
By managing your audio settings carefully, you optimize the overall experience when you connect your Mac to your TV. Whether youâre gaming or binging your favorite series, making sure the sound is right will help you enjoy it to the fullest.
Common Connection Issues
Connecting a Mac to a TV via HDMI can open up a world of opportunities for enjoying movies, gaming, or sharing presentations. However, like any tech endeavor, it's not without its hiccups. Understanding common connection issues is crucial not just for resolving problems as they arise, but also for enhancing your overall viewing experience. Letâs dive into some of the typical roadblocks users encounter when linking their Macs to TVs.
No Display Detected
One of the most frustrating experiences when connecting a Mac to your TV is when the screen stays blank. This usually occurs when your computer fails to recognize the display. Here are some troubleshooting steps to consider:
- Check the connections: Ensure that the HDMI cable is snugly inserted into both the Mac and the TV. Try reseating the cable to ensure a good connection.
- Select the correct input: Make sure your TV is set to the corresponding HDMI input. Sometimes, it might be just a matter of choosing the right source on the television.
- Restart both devices: A classic move, but it often works like a charm. Restart your Mac and your TV to see if that solves the issue.
- Detect Displays: Go to System Preferences > Displays on your Mac and hold the Option key to reveal the Detect Displays button. Click it, and it might help your Mac identify the TV.
By systematically checking these elements, one can often uncover the solution to this pesky problem. If all else fails, it might be worth testing another HDMI cable or trying a different TV altogether to rule out hardware faults.
Blurred or Poor Image Quality
After finally getting a connection, the last thing you want is a low-quality image. Blurry visuals can stem from various factors. Hereâs how to enhance the picture clarity:
- Adjust Resolution: Sometimes, the resolution set on your Mac doesnât match what your TV supports, leading to subpar image quality. Go to System Preferences > Displays and make sure you select the recommended resolution for your TV.
- Check Refresh Rate: The refresh rate of your Mac should be compatible with your TV. Ensure it's set correctly under the same settings menu. A mismatch can lead to flickering or blurriness.
- Cable Quality: Not all HDMI cables are created equal. If possible, choose a high-speed HDMI cable, as it can handle higher resolutions without compromising the image.
- Picture Settings: Dive into your TVâs picture settings and adjust parameters like sharpness and contrast. Moreover, enabling features like game mode can sometimes enhance performance during gaming.
Checking these elements will do wonders for your viewing experience, transforming your TV into a clear and vibrant display.
Audio Delay or Synchronization Issues
Audio issues can be a pain when you're trying to enjoy a movie or play a game. Imagine watching someone on screen speak, and hearing their voice a beat later. Hereâs how to manage audio synchronization:
- Audio Output Settings: On your Mac, navigate to System Preferences > Sound and ensure that the output is set to your TV. Sometimes, the Mac defaults to internal speakers, causing audio to lag behind video.
- Adjust Delay Settings: Many modern TVs come with a feature that allows you to adjust the audio delay. Explore your TV's audio options to see if you can sync things up better.
- Reset the Connection: Disconnecting the HDMI cable and then reconnecting can occasionally reset the sync issues, so give that a go as well.
- Check for Software Updates: Running outdated software can sometimes lead to these issues. Make sure both your macOS and your TV firmware are up to date.
Troubleshooting audio delay is key for a seamless experience; after all, nothing beats the joy of engaging storytelling or gaming when everything sounds just right.
Understanding these common connection issues and their fixes not only brings peace of mind but also enhances your ability to make the most of your HDMI connection. With a little patience and some know-how, you can troubleshoot effectively and keep your viewing experience top-notch.


Optimizing Your Viewing Experience
In the world of connectivity, especially when it comes to linking your Mac to your television, optimizing your viewing experience can indeed make a world of difference. It goes beyond just getting your Mac connected to your TV â it involves tuning every aspect of that connection to make sure you can enjoy everything from movies to video games with the best picture and sound quality possible.
Enhancing your viewing experience is essential because it can significantly influence how you perceive and interact with the content displayed on your screen. Imagine diving into your favorite game or watching the latest blockbuster, only to be distracted by laggy visuals or hazy images. By understanding the various elements that contribute to a quality viewing experience, you can prevent such issues and truly enjoy what you love.
Best Practices for Viewing and Gaming
When youâre settled in for a cozy movie night or an intense gaming session, itâs vital to follow some best practices. Hereâs what you should consider:
- Resolution Settings: Always check that your Mac is outputting at the highest resolution supported by your TV. A mismatch can often lead to subpar visuals.
- Refresh Rate: Make sure that your Macâs refresh rate matches your TVâs refresh rate. A mismatch here can lead to stuttering or tearing, ruining the smoothness of action scenes or gameplay.
- Lighting Conditions: Consider the room's lighting. If your space is too bright, you might miss the finer details on screen. Adjust your environment for optimal viewing.
- Positioning: Position your television at eye level and sit a comfortable distance from the screen to reduce strain on your eyes and to ensure the best perspective.
- Sound Optimization: Donât neglect audio! Adjust the audio settings on both your Mac and TV for the best results. Sometimes, investing in external sound systems can elevate your experience substantially.
Maintaining Cable Integrity and Longevity
Cable management is often overlooked but is integral in maintaining a reliable connection. Hereâs how to ensure your HDMI cables stand the test of time:
- Avoid Sharp Bends: When routing cables, avoid harsh bends and pinches. Cables that are bent too sharply may suffer internal wire damage that isn't immediately visible.
- Use Cable Covers for Protection: If you run your cables along a wall or under a rug, consider using cable covers. This not only keeps the area tidy but also protects the cables from wear and tear.
- Regular Inspection: Check your cables periodically for signs of wear, such as fraying or brittleness. If you notice any issues, itâs best to replace them immediately to avoid connection problems later on.
- Store Correctly: When not in use, store your cables properly. Avoid leaving them in cramped drawers where they can get tangled or stressed.
Remember: Taking care of your HDMI cables will not only improve durability but also enhance your overall viewing experience by ensuring stable connections.
By paying attention to these details and investing just a little time and thought into the setup, the rewards are definitely worth it. Ultimately, optimizing your viewing experience is about more than mere specifications â itâs about creating an environment where you can fully appreciate your media.
Exploring Alternative Connection Methods
In an age where technology constantly evolves, exploring alternative connection methods for linking your Mac to a television is essential. HDMI is a solid choice, yet it isn't the only player in the game. Whether it's due to distance, device compatibility, or the desire for a wireless setup, considering diverse connection options can elevate your viewing experience. Let's unpack some of these methods together, each with unique benefits and considerations.
Wireless Streaming Options
Wireless streaming has become a popular way to connect devices, offering the freedom to move around without the restraints of a cable. Wi-Fi technology has advanced significantly, enabling solutions that let you cast your screen without clutter. There are several prominent platforms you might consider:
- Apple AirPlay: This nifty feature on Macs integrates smoothly with Apple TVs and other AirPlay-compatible devices. With just a few clicks, you can mirror your display or use extended desktop mode. The setup is straightforwardâsimply ensure both devices are connected to the same Wi-Fi network, and look for AirPlay options in your menu.
- Chromecast: If you're using a Mac, consider Google's Chromecast. This nifty gadget allows you to stream content directly from your browser or specific apps. The process is as easy as pie; install the Google Home app, connect your device to the same Wi-Fi, and start casting. It's great for displaying presentations or streaming videos right off the bat.
- Miracast: Found in various smart TVs and Windows devices, Miracast allows screen mirroring without the need for an HDMI connection. Unfortunately, MacOS doesn't support Miracast natively, but third-party applications can bridge that gap.
Using wireless streaming methods can be a game-changer when it comes to convenience, but keep in mind that anything dependent on Wi-Fi might incur some lag. Ensure your network is robust enough to handle streaming demands.
Utilizing Other Connection Interfaces
Not all devices are equipped with HDMI ports, and in such cases, alternative interfaces become relevant. Here are a couple of options that might just hit the mark:
- DisplayPort: Many Macs come with Thunderbolt ports that support DisplayPort. If your TV or monitor has a DisplayPort input, you can use it to transmit both video and audio signals. You'll need the right adapter, but the connection is typically stable and supports high resolutions and refresh rates.
- USB-C: Newer Mac models utilize USB-C ports that can also output video signal. Most modern TVs come packed with a variety of input options, and with a suitable USB-C to HDMI adapter, you can bridge the gap easily. This flexibility is particularly handy when connecting to devices that donât have native HDMI support but still manage high-quality outputs.
In summary, understanding these alternative connection methods is crucial for ensuring compatibility and functionality between your devices. Different situations may call for different solutions, but with a bit of knowledge, you can find the best way to enjoy your media seamlessly.
Future of TV and Mac Connectivity
The landscape of technology is always shifting, and the connection between Macs and TVs is no exception. As our devices evolve, the ways we connect and interact with them also undergo significant changes. Keeping up with these advancements is essential not only for tech enthusiasts but also for casual users who wish to maximize their viewing experience.
Emerging Technologies in Display Connections
As we peer into the future, one of the most exciting developments in display technology is the rise of wireless protocols. Innovations such as Wi-Fi Direct and standards like AirPlay have paved the way for connecting devices without the hassle of cords. This shift could mean, in the foreseeable future, that HDMI cables may not be the only option for linking a Mac to a TV.
Moreover, the advancement of 8K and even 16K resolution displays pushes the boundaries of how we view content. These ultra-high-definition displays require robust connection options with substantial bandwidth. Optical HDMI cables or newer technological standards like DisplayPort could become more prevalent as they provide higher data transfer rates, thus enhancing the viewing experience. The evolution of Display Stream Compression is another promising technology, which could allow seamless streaming of high resolutions over existing cabling.
It's also crucial to recognize that as televisions get smarter, the glass itself integrates advanced technologies such as OLED, Mini-LED, and Quantum Dot. Each of these technologies brings its own strengths in color accuracy and dynamic range, making the connection between the Mac and the TV not just a necessity but a vehicle to achieve breathtaking visuals.
- Wireless Display Protocols:
- Wi-Fi Direct
- AirPlay
- Miracast
Impact of Smart Technology on Connectivity
In an era where smart technology is omnipresent, the implications for connectivity are profound. Smart TVs, equipped with their operating systems, are increasingly proficient at handling multiple input sources and even consolidating them under a unified interface. As a result, connecting a Mac to a smart TV goes beyond just ensuring a physical link.
The integration of voice recognition and AI enhances user experience, enabling commands via voice to switch inputs or even adjust settings of connected devices. Furthermore, compatibility with mobile devices through apps offers an additional layer of functionality, allowing users to cast their screens effortlessly.
Regardless of the device used, the future points towards a more interconnected ecosystem where your Mac could communicate with your TV and vice versa, creating an intuitive viewing environment tailored to personal preferences.
"The integration of smart technologies is not just enhancing how we connect; it's redefining our entire viewing experience."
Looking ahead, the importance lies in understanding how these advancements will change our consumption habits. With the growing trend of streaming services, knowing how to connect your devices effectively can open up an array of entertainment possibilities, making it a significant consideration for anyone looking to harness the full potential of their Mac and TV connection.